中式台球规则（Rules of Chinese Billiards）
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中式台球规则（暂行）
Rules of Chinese Billiards
Section 1 - 通则 Regulations
通则列明了诸如着装要求、申诉程序、赛程安排等未包含在比赛规则中，但又在实际比赛中需要约定的事宜。通则内容在每次比赛中都不同，例如单场局数、开球顺序等。比赛组委会有权根据通则精神在赛前确定并依此执行。相对而言，比赛规则需要在比赛过程中严格执行。These regulations address dress requirements, protests, scheduling issues, and other items that are not part of the actual Rules of Play but need to be regulated for the individual event. Some aspects of applying the regulations vary from tournament to tournament, such as the number of sets in a match and who breaks after the first rack. The management of an event is entitled to enforce regulations for the event. These Regulations do not have the same force as the Rules; the Rules have priority.
1.比赛规则特例 Exceptions to the Rules
比赛规则不允许被随意更改，除非得到中国台球协会许可，对规则临时变动的书面解释应在赛前运动员会议中公布。The actual Rules of Play may not be altered, unless a permit is issued by CBSA for the individual event. A written explanation of any rules change should be made available at the players' meeting.
2.选手服装要求 Dress Code
每位选手的服装必须符合比赛要求并且整洁干净。如果选手不确定自己的服装是否符合要求，可以在赛前向赛事总监确认。赛事总监对服装要求有最终决定权。特殊情况时，赛事总监可以允许服装不符合要求的选手参加比赛，例如航班托运行李遗失、选手特殊身体状况等情况。选手可能会因为服装未达要求而被取消比赛资格。Each player’s attire must always meet the level of the competition and be clean, proper and in good condition. If an athlete is unsure about the legality of his attire, the athlete should approach the tournament director before the match and ask whether the attire is legal. The tournament director has the final say with regards to the legality of attire. In exceptional circumstances, the director may permit a player to compete in violation of the dress code e.g. when airline luggage has been misplaced or when player has medical problems. A player may be disqualified for dress code violation.
如果在比赛前没有宣布关于服装的具体要求，则默认采用下列服装要求。If there is no announcement before the event, the following dress code is assumed.
2.1.男子 Men
男选手可以穿着任何颜色的有领子、袖子的衬衫或者POLO衫(有领T恤衫)，上衣必须束在裤子里。裤子的颜色为深色，要注意的是不允许穿着任何牛仔裤或者牛仔面料的裤子。鞋子必须是正规而且与全身装束匹配的款式，不允许穿着运动鞋或凉鞋。在赛事总监允许的情况下选手可以穿着皮质或者仿皮材质的运动鞋。Men may wear a regular collared shirt or polo shirt of any color. Shirt or polo shirt must be tucked in. No T-shirts are allowed. The shirt must have at least a short sleeve. Only dark color dress pants allowed. Denim/blue jeans of any color are forbidden. Shoes must be elegant dress shoes that fit in the outfit. Sneakers and sandals are not allowed. Sports shoes with a dark top of leather or leather-like material are allowed but are subject to the tournament director's discretion.
2.2.女子 Women
女选手的上装可以是衬衫、休闲衬衫、POLO衫(有领T恤衫)或者其他款式优雅、庄重的女士上装。对裤装颜色没有特殊要求，要注意的是不允许穿着任何牛仔裤或者牛仔面料的裤子，女选手可以穿着裙子参加比赛。鞋子必须是正规而且与全身装束匹配的款式，不允许穿着运动鞋或凉鞋。在赛事总监允许的情况下选手可以穿着皮质或者仿皮材质的运动鞋。Women may wear a shirt, an elegant top, a dress, a blouse or a polo shirt. T-shirts are not permitted. Dress pants may be of any color. Denim/blue jeans of any color are forbidden. Female athletes may wear a skirt, which must cover the knees. Shoes must be elegant dress shoes that fit in the outfit. Sneakers and sandals are not allowed. Sports shoes with a dark top of leather or leather-like material are allowed but are subject to the tournament director's discretion.
3.裁判 The Referee
3.1.裁判应当 The referee shall:
(a)是一场比赛的唯一裁决者，对比赛中所发生的一切作出判决；be the sole judge of the match and determine all matters of fact relating to the rules, call fouls and take other action;
(b)负责执行比赛规则并维持比赛顺利进行；be responsible for the proper conduct of the game under these rules;
(c)裁判应当回答选手提出的有关客观事实以及与比赛规则相关的问题；answer player’s inquiries regarding objective data and game rules;
(d)在有违公平竞赛原则时，裁判有权推迟比赛进程，这种权力同样适用于出现争议时；suspend play when conditions do not permit fair play, also when a call or ruling is being disputed.
(e)如果规则没有涵盖比赛过程中出现的特殊情况，裁判可以在公平竞赛原则下对该状况作出判决；be free to make a decision in the interests of fair play for any situation not covered adequately by these Rules;
(f)如果被要求，可以告知击球选手目标球的颜色或号码；tell a player the color or the number of a ball if requested;
(g)在合理要求下清洁任何台面上的球；clean any ball upon reasonable request;
(h)协助选手拿出或放回架杆等辅助设备。may assist the player by getting and replacing the mechanical bridge.
3.2.裁判不应 The referee shall not:
(a)回答任何与规则无关的问题；answer any question not authorized in these rules;
(b)提示击球选手该次击球可能会出现的犯规；give any indication that a player is about to make a foul;
(c)提供足以影响赛事的建议和意见；give any advice or opinion on points affecting play;
3.3.如果裁判没能注意到某争议情况，他可以参考在场的记分员，其他赛事工作人员或看台中所处最佳位置观众的意见后作出裁决。If the referee has failed to notice any incident, he may at his discretion take the evidence of the marker or other officials or spectators best placed for the observation to assist his decision.
4.“区域裁判”形式的比赛 Playing with an "Area" Referee
“区域裁判”形式的比赛是指一名裁判同时执裁几张球台上进行的比赛，而不是单一执裁一场比赛。这种情况下，选手仍然需要遵守比赛规则。具体建议如下： It may be that a tournament is being played with "area" referees who are each responsible for several tables and there is no referee constantly at each table. In this case, the players are still expected to observe all the rules of the game. The recommended way to conduct play in this situation is as follows.
非击球选手将承担裁判的职责。如果在击打前，击球选手认为对手将无法对他的击打作出适当判罚，该选手可以让裁判在一边观看这一击打过程。同样，非击球选手也可以在不肯定或不愿意执裁某情况时寻求裁判的帮助。任何一方都有权暂停比赛直到他对比赛的执裁结果表示满意。The non-shooting player will perform all of the duties of the referee. If, prior to a particular shot, the shooting player feels that his opponent will not be able to properly judge the shot, he should ask the area referee to watch the shot. The non-shooting player may also ask for such attention if he feels that he is unable or is unwilling to rule on the shot. Either player has the power to suspend play until he is satisfied with the way the match is being refereed.
当选手间出现争执情况，裁判将对他并没有亲眼所见的情况进行判罚，这时裁判需要在尽可能全面了解当时的情况后谨慎的作出判罚，这个过程可以包括询问其他目击者、回放比赛录相以及重新演示之前的击打过程等。当裁判被要求裁定是否有犯规情况出现，而同时没有明显的迹象表明确实是犯规，除非在一方声称自己没有犯规时对方提出抗议，否则均假定没有犯规行为的发生。If a dispute arises between two players in an un-refereed match, and the area referee is asked to make a decision without having seen the cause of the dispute, he should be careful to understand the situation as completely as possible. This might include asking trusted witnesses, reviewing video playback, or reenacting the shot. If the area referee is asked to determine whether a foul occurred and there is no evidence of the foul except the claim of one player while the other player claims that there was no foul, then it is assumed that no foul occurred.
5.球的摆放 Racking of Balls
目前普遍使用排球纸和三角架摆球。当球局开始，排球纸或三角架放在置球区，所有的球被放置在排球纸或三角架的框内然后被摆放在置球区。摆球是裁判的职责，球员不能自行摆球，除非赛事组委会有明确要求。In general, magic sheets or triangle racks are used to rack the ball. All object balls are placed to their position by the help of magic sheet or triangle. It is the referee's duty to rack the balls. If not specified otherwise by organizer of event, the players shall not rack the balls.
6.贴库球以及贴球的宣告 Calling Frozen Balls
裁判应在目标球可能贴库或贴主球的情况下认真观察并作出宣告，选手可以在必要情况下提醒裁判对此类情况作出宣告。选手必须给予裁判充足的时间作出判定。The referee should be careful to inspect and announce the status of any object ball that might be frozen to a cushion and the cue ball when it might be frozen to a ball. The seated player may remind the referee that such a call is necessary. The shooter must allow time for such a determination to be asked for and made, and may ask for the call himself.
7.重新摆放/复原球的位置 Restoring a Position
在任何情况下当一颗球需要重新被摆放或复原时，唯一有权单独执行该任务的是裁判。裁判可以以任何方式在合适的时间执行该规则，并且可以询问双方选手，任一选手所提出未有争议的建议可以被采纳。任一选手可对裁判的看法提出一次异议，但在这之后，裁判的最终判断将决定球的重新摆放或复原位置。In any case a position of balls needs to be amended it is solely the referee's duty and responsibility to perform this task. He may form his opinion by any means he considers appropriate at the time. He may consult one or both players on that, however, the particular player’s opinion is not binding and his judgment can be amended. Each involved player has the right to dispute the referee’s judgment just once, but after that it is the referee’s discretion to restore the ball or balls.
8.防止外界干扰 Outside Interference
裁判应避免比赛受到干扰，例如来自邻桌选手或观众的干扰，如有必要比赛可因此暂停或推迟。干扰可以是来自肢体或语言等方面。由于外界干扰导致选手出现犯规，该选手无需负责。The referee should ensure that interference is prevented, for example by a spectator or a player on an adjacent table, and may suspend play as needed. Interference may be physical or verbal. No player shall be penalized for the foul caused by outside interference.
9.不可抗拒因素 Act of God
比赛中可能会出现规则未列出且无法预料的情况。出现此情况时，裁判会在公平竞赛的原则下作出判决，必要时一局比赛可能会被移至另一张球台进行，球的位置无法移动时裁判宣布该局比赛为僵局。It may be that something unforeseen under these rules will occur during a match. In such a case, the referee will decide how to proceed in a fair manner. For example, it may be necessary to move a rack in progress to a different table, in which case a stalemate may be declared if a position cannot be transferred.
10.教练 Coaching
比赛中允许选手接受教练的指导。但选手连续击打时，这种情况不被准予，因为这将影响比赛的连贯性。裁判和赛事组委会有权对此设定附加限制。选手有权请求暂停以向教练获取帮助，但教练不得接近比赛台面。如果裁判认为一名教练干扰或影响了比赛，可责令该教练远离比赛球台。It is permitted for a player to receive advice from a coach during a match. This should not be on a continuous shot-by-shot basis that changes the nature of the game. It is up to the referee and tournament management to set additional limits on this. A time out can be used to get coaching help. The coach should not approach the table. If the referee decides that the coach is interfering with or disrupting the match, he may direct the coach to stay away from the match.
11.对比赛器材的默认接受 Acceptance of Equipment
在一次巡回赛或一次单独比赛开始后，球员无权置疑比赛组织者所提供器材的质量及权威性。相关抗议必须在比赛正式开始前提出。After the tournament or a particular match has been started, the player has no right to question the quality or legality of any equipment provided by the Tournament Organizer unless supported by the referee or the tournament director; any protests must be made beforehand.
12.选手对器材的使用 Player's Use of Equipment
选手使用的器材必须符合中国台球协会对器材的规定。通常来说，选手们不可以在比赛中使用其他新式器材。以下提及的器材是合法的。如果一名选手对器材的某一特殊用途有疑问，应当在比赛前询问赛事组委会并得到明确答复。除了器材本身设计的使用方式外，选手不得改变其用途。The equipment must meet existing CBSA equipment specifications. In general, players are not permitted to introduce novel equipment into the game. The following uses, among others, are considered normal. If the player is uncertain about a particular use of equipment, he should discuss it with the tournament management prior to the start of play. The equipment must be used only for the purpose or in the manner that the equipment was intended.
(a)球杆：允许选手在比赛期间调换球杆，例如开球杆，跳杆及普通杆。选手可以使用内置的或外接的球杆延长器以增加球杆的长度。Cue stick - the player is permitted to switch between cue sticks during the match, such as break, jump and normal cues. He may use either a built-in extender or an add-on extender to increase the length of the stick.
(b)巧粉：选手可以使用巧粉以防止杆头打滑，并且可以自带巧粉，但巧粉的颜色需与台尼颜色匹配。Chalk - The player may apply chalk to his tip to prevent miscues, and may use his own chalk, provided its color is compatible with the baize.
(c)架杆：选手可以同时使用最多两种架杆来支撑球杆。选手可以使用自己的架杆，但该架杆必须符合规定或得到当值裁判认可。Mechanical Bridges - The player may use up to two mechanical bridges to support the cue stick during the shot. The configuration of the bridges is up to the player. He may use his own bridge if it is similar to standard bridges.
(d)手套：选手可以使用帮助握杆或手架的手套。Gloves - The player may use gloves to improve the grip and/or bridge hand function.
(e)滑石粉：在裁判认为合理用量的情况下允许选手使用滑石粉。Powder – A player is allowed to use powder in a reasonable amount as determined by the referee.
13.迟到 Late Start
选手必须在规定的比赛时间到达球台并准备开始比赛。如果一名选手在规定时间未出现，则依照赛前约定的处罚办法处罚。如果两名选手均迟到，则根据各自情况分别给予相应处罚。对于反复迟到的选手，赛会可采用更严格的处罚办法。Players must be at the table and ready to play their assigned match at the appointed match time. If a player is late for his appointed match time, he will be penalized according to the way agreed before the event. If both players are late, they will be penalized individually according to their degrees of violation. A stricter requirement may be used for repeat offenders.
14.开球顺序 Subsequent Break Shots
赛事组委会有权决定开球顺序。例如，由胜方开球或轮流开球等。For deciding who will break in racks after the first, the tournament management may choose a procedure different from the standard one listed in the Rules. For example, the winner may break or the players break alternatively.
15.非击球选手 Remaining In Player's Chair
当击球选手在场上进行比赛时，非击球选手应停留在其指定座椅区。当选手在比赛期间(包括局与局之间)需要离开比赛区域，他必须得到裁判的允许。如果在未经裁判允许的情况下离开比赛区域，此举将被视为违背体育精神的行为。The non-shooting player should remain in his designated chair while his opponent is at the table. Should a player need to leave the playing area during matches, he must request and receive permission from the referee. Should a player leave the playing area during the match (include times between racks) without the permission of the referee, it will be treated like unsportsmanlike conduct.
16.限时击球 Shot Clock
目前在各类比赛中经常采用限时击球的比赛方式。赛前赛事组委会会对每一次击球的限制时间，单局或单场延时的时间以及次数作出明确规定。比赛中会有一名工作人员(裁判或场外专职人员)或专门的计时设备进行记时，通常会在剩下10秒时作出一次提醒。计时从台面上所有球静止或上一位选手离开球台范围开始，结束于杆头接触主球产生一次击打或选手请求延时。如击球选手在规定时间内没有出杆，便为犯规。A shot clock may be requested at any time during a match by a tournament official or either player involved in that match. The tournament director or other appointed official decides whether to use a shot clock or not. Should a shot clock be introduced, both players will be “on the clock” and there will be an official timekeeper for the duration of the match. Normally there will be a warning when 10 seconds remain. The shot clock will be started when all balls come to rest, including spinning balls, or when the previous player leaves the table. The shot clock will end when the cue tip strikes the cue ball to initiate a stroke or when the player calls extension. If a player runs out of time, it will be a foul.
17.暂停 Time out
除了赛事组委会另外规定外，每名球员在超过9局的比赛中可请求一次5分钟的暂停。球员执行暂停权力前必须告诉裁判他的意图，并且确定裁判意识到该事实且在记录表上登记。Unless specified otherwise by the tournament organizer, each player is allowed to take one time out of five minutes during matches played over 9 games. To exercise the right to a time out the player must inform the referee of his/her intention and make sure the referee is aware of the fact and marks it on the score sheet.
暂停期间选手如有不妥行为举止，他将被剥夺暂停权力。情节严重者将会因违反体育精神而受到处罚。The player taking the time out should remember that his actions must be within the spirit of the game and if he acts otherwise, he is subject to a penalty under the Unsportsmanlike Conduct.
选手申请暂停应该在局与局之间，特殊情况除外。Normally, time out is taken between racks.
选手如果因为药物原因等特殊情况出现不适，赛事总监可调整暂停次数及时间。If a player is suffering from a medical condition, the tournament director may choose to adjust the number of time outs.
当出现影响比赛公平、顺利进行的情况时，裁判需第一时间作出暂停比赛的举措，直到该情况消失为止。如果该情况发生在一局比赛过程中，裁判必须保证台面上的球局保持原状，直到暂停结束，比赛依照暂停前的击球顺序继续。如客观原因造成球局无法被保持原状，裁判或赛事组委会有权在适当的时候告知选手此局作废，待比赛能顺利进行时重新开始新的一局球。The referee will suspend the play promptly when conditions do not permit fair play, until such conditions disappears. If this happened during one rack, referee has to keep the ball on the table intact. The play will resumes with the previous order maintained. If the table condition cannot be maintained due to objective reasons, referee or the organizer shall inform the player and nullify this rack, a new rack will be played when everything is ready.
18.不当行为 Improper Conduct
拒绝进行一局比赛，或其言行依照裁判的判断有故意或持续的不妥，包括持续浪费时间且被依照本章第20条所警告或者有非绅士的举动，裁判应警告他如不改善此举的话将被判输掉该场比赛。In the event of refusing to continue a rack, or any conduct by a player which in the opinion of the referee is willfully or persistently unfair, including taking an abnormal amount of time or be warned as per described in Section 1 Rule 20 or any other unsportsmanlike conduct, the referee shall warn the player that in the event of any such further conduct the match will be awarded to his/her opponent.
19.对违背体育精神行为的处罚 Penalizing Unsportsmanlike Conduct
比赛规则和通则中对于违背体育精神行为的处罚给裁判和赛事官员留有比较宽泛和灵活的处理空间。判罚的依据可以考虑以下这些方面：选手之前的行为表现、事先的警告、行为的严重性以及赛前运动员会议上是否强调等。此外，比赛的级别也可以作为考虑因素，因为一名优秀的运动员除了具有高超的球技之外，得体的言行也是必备的素质。The rules and regulations give the referee and other officials considerable latitude in penalizing unsportsmanlike conduct. Several factors should be considered in such decisions, including previous conduct, previous warnings, how serious the offense is, and information that the players may have been given at the Players’ Meeting at the start of the tournament. In addition, the level of competition may be considered since players at the top levels can be expected to be fully familiar with the rules and regulations, while relative beginners may be unfamiliar with how the rules are normally applied.
20.申诉规则 Protest Ruling
如果选手有需要裁定的事宜，首先应与裁判沟通，裁判会作出最恰当的判定。如果选手对裁决有异议，可以向裁判长随后是赛事总监进行申诉。在正规比赛中，赛事总监的裁决是有最终决定性的判定。申诉者在每次申诉之前需要交纳申诉费，如果申诉失败申诉费不被退还，申诉费的具体数额需在赛事秩序册或者赛前运动员会议上明确。If a player needs a decision to be taken, the first person to be contacted is the referee. The referee will form his decision by all means that seem suitable to him. If the player wants to protest against that ruling, he may contact the head referee and after that the tournament director. In any regular tournament, the tournament director’s decision is binding and final. A deposit from the protestor is required for such an appeal and it will be forfeited in case of an adverse final decision. The amount of deposit will be stated on program book or clarified on the player’s meeting before event.
同一名选手就相同问题只能提出一次申诉，如果他就同一个问题第二次提出申诉，该举动将会被视为违背体育精神的行为并受到相应处罚。A player is allowed to ask for a reconsideration of a factual decision by the referee only one time. If he asks for reconsideration of the same matter a second time, it will be treated as unsportsmanlike conduct.
Section 2. 比赛规则 Rules of Play
1.选手的责任 Player's Responsibility
选手有责任了解所有与比赛相关的规则，条例及赛程等。赛会官员尽量将相关资讯准确及时的传达给选手，但这依然是选手的主要责任。It is the player's responsibility to be aware of all rules, regulations and schedules applying to competition. While tournament officials will make every reasonable effort to have such information readily available to all players as appropriate, the ultimate responsibility rests with the player.
2.比球 Lagging
比球是比赛中用来决定开球顺序的第一次击球。比球获胜的选手获得开球选择权。The lag is the first shot of the match and determines order of play. The player who wins the lag chooses who will shoot first.
裁判会将两颗球分别放置在开球线后，两名选手在大约同一时间击球并使其接触顶库(靠近置球点一侧的短库)后返回，球停止时更靠近底库(靠近开球线一侧的短库)的一方获得比球胜利。The referee will place a ball on each side of the table behind the head string and near the head string. The players will shoot at about the same time to make each ball contact the top cushion(the short cushion near the spot) with the goal of returning the ball closer to the bottom cushion(the short cushion near the string) than the opponent.
一次非法比球或不能获得胜利的比球是指，选手击出的球：A lag shot is bad and cannot win if the shooter’s ball:
(a)越过球台纵轴线进入对手区域；comes into opponent's half;
(b)未碰顶库；doesn't contact the top cushion;
(c)接触顶库超过一次；contacts the top cushion more than once;
(d)球入袋或离开台面；is pocketed or driven off the table;
(e)接触两侧库边或停留在角袋袋口并且已越过底库边线。touches the side cushion or the ball rests within the corner pocket and pass the nose of bottom cushion.
如果出现下列情况，选手重新比球：The players will lag again if:
(a)一名选手明显晚于对手击球；one player strikes too later than the opponent.
(b)球静止后裁判无法判断哪一颗球更接近底库；the referee cannot determine which ball has stopped closer to the bottom cushion.
(c)双方都出现非法比球。both lags are bad.
3.重置球 Spotting Balls
当有必要重新将球放置于台面时，裁判应尽其所能把相关的球放置回它们应该在的位置上。如有障碍球使得该动作无法执行，重置球应该在不碰触其他球的前提下被放置在置球点与顶库之间的纵轴线上，且尽量靠近置球点。如果整条置球点与顶库之间的置球线都被其他球覆盖，重置球应当被放置于尽可能接近置球点的球台纵轴线上。选手必须接受裁判所判断的位置。If it is necessary to put back the ball, the referee shall make best endeavor to put the ball to the place where it should be placed. If there is any interfering ball, ball should be placed on the long axis of the table as close as possible to the spot, between the spot and the top cushion, without moving any interfering ball. If other balls block the long axis between the spot and top cushion at all, the ball is spotted above the spot, on the long axis, and as close as possible to the spot. The player must accept the referee’s decision.
4.自由击球权 Cue Ball In Hand
当选手犯规时，对手可将主球放置在比赛台面上的任意位置向任意方向击球，并可以在执行击球动作前继续移动主球。选手可以使用球杆的任何部分移动主球，包括杆头，但不得有向前的击球动作。When the cue ball is in hand, the shooter may place the cue ball anywhere on the playing surface and may continue to move the cue ball until he executes a shot. Players may use any part of the cue stick to move the cue ball, including the tip, but not with a forward stroke motion.
5.线后自由球 Cue Ball In Hand Behind the String
开球选手犯规时，对手获线后自由球此时只能将主球放置在开球线后，且不能直接击打开球线后的目标球，但选手可先将主球击过开球线，再使主球返回碰触开球线后的目标球。The player is awarded to play with cue ball in hand behind the string ONLY when his/her opponent fouls at the open break. When the cue ball is in hand behind the string, and the first ball the cue ball contacts is also behind the head string, the shot is a foul unless the cue ball crosses the string before that contact.
若所有合法目标球都在开球线后，此时选手可以要求裁判将最靠近开球线的那颗合法目标球重置于置球点。如果两颗或两颗以上的合法目标球离开球线的距离相等，选手可指定重置哪一颗球。恰好停留在开球线上的目标球是可以被击打的。When the shooter has the cue ball in hand behind the string and all the legal object balls are behind the string, he may request the legal object ball nearest the string to be spotted. If two or more balls are equal distance from the string, the shooter may designate which of the equidistant balls is to be spotted. An object ball that rests exactly on the string is playable.
6.指球定袋 Standard Call Shot
在执行指球定袋(指明下一杆所要击打的目标球以及要进的球袋)规则的比赛中，选手击打哪颗目标球和进哪个球袋必须明确告知裁判或对手。至于进球的过程，比如碰触几次库边、是否接触其他球，以及其他球是否入袋则无关紧要。每一次击球只可指定一颗目标球和一个球袋。指球定袋的明确标准可由赛事组委会在赛前进行规定。In games in which the shooter is required to call shots, the intended ball and pocket must be indicated for each shot if they are not obvious. Details of the shot, such as cushions struck or other balls contacted or pocketed are irrelevant. Only one ball may be called on each shot.
For a called shot to count, the referee must be satisfied that the intended shot was made, so if there is any chance of confusion, e.g. with bank, combination and similar shots, the shooter should indicate the ball and pocket. If the referee or opponent is unsure of the shot to be played, he may ask for a call.
The detailed requirement for calling a shot can be decided by the organizer of event before the event begins.
在执行指球定袋的比赛中，选手可以选择安全击打而非直接击球入袋，此后球权交于对手。选手选择击打安全球之后有球入袋的情况下该球是否需要被重置，取决于该项目是否有特定的规定。In call shot games, the shooter may choose to call “safety” instead of a ball and pocket, and then play passes to the opponent at the end of the shot. Whether balls are being spotted after safeties depends on the rules of the particular game.
7.同时击中 Split Hits
如主球在一瞬间几乎同时击中一颗合法目标球和一颗非法目标球并且难以判断先击中哪颗球时，该情况被假设为合法目标球先被击中。If the cue ball strikes a legal object ball and a non-legal object ball at approximately the same instant, and it cannot be determined which ball was hit first, it will be assumed that the legal target was struck first.
8.球自行移动 Balls Settling
一颗球在看上去似乎已经静止后可能出现自行移动，这可能是因为球或球台有微小的缺陷，选手不会因球自行移动而受到任何处罚。在比赛中这被视为正常情况，除非该情况导致了球入袋，出现该情况后自行移动入袋的球需要被尽可能放回原位。如果选手的一次击球过程中有球因自行移动而入袋，并且该入袋现象影响到这次击球的结果，裁判应复原台面并让选手重新击球。A ball may settle slightly after it appears to have stopped, possibly due to slight imperfections in the ball or the table. Unless this causes a ball to fall into a pocket, it is considered a normal hazard of play, and the ball will not be moved back. If a ball falls into a pocket as the result of such settling, it is restored as closely as possible to its original position. If a settling ball falls into a pocket during or just prior to a shot, and this has an effect on the shot, the referee will restore the position and the shot will be replayed. The shooter is not penalized for shooting while a ball is settling.
9.非选手干扰 Outside Interference
比赛过程中如果有非选手干扰发生并且影响到某次击球结果，裁判应将所有相关的球放置回原来的位置，由该选手重新击球。如果这次干扰对击球结果没有造成影响，裁判仅需重新放置受到干扰的球，而比赛继续进行。如果球已无法被放置回原来的位置，此局即判为僵局。When outside interference occurs during a shot that has an effect on the outcome of that shot, the referee will restore the balls to the positions they had before the shot, and the shot will be replayed. If the interference had no effect on the shot, the referee will restore the disturbed balls and play will continue. If the balls cannot be restored to their original positions, the situation is handled like a stalemate.
10.提出对宣判的异议 Protesting Rulings
如果选手有需要裁定的事宜，首先应与裁判沟通，裁判会作出最恰当的判定。如果选手对裁决有异议，可以向裁判长随后是赛事总监提出抗议和申诉，比赛中赛事总监的裁决是有最终决定性的判定。申诉者在每次申诉之前需要交纳申诉费，如果申诉失败所交费用不予退还，申诉费的具体数额需在赛事秩序册或者赛前运动员会议上明确。If a player needs a decision to be taken, the first person to be contacted is the referee. The referee will form his decision by all means that seem suitable to him. If the player wants to protest against that ruling, he may contact the head referee and after that the tournament director. In any regular tournament, the tournament director’s decision is binding and final. A deposit from the protestor is required for such an appeal and it will be forfeited in case of an adverse final decision. The amount of deposit will be stated on program book or clarified on the player’s meeting before event.
同一名选手就相同问题只能提出一次申诉，如果他就同一个问题第二次提出申诉，该举动将会被视为违背体育精神的行为并受到相应处罚。A player is allowed to ask for a reconsideration of a factual decision by the referee only one time. If he asks for reconsideration of the same matter a second time, it will be treated as unsportsmanlike conduct.
11.弃权 Concession
选手只可以在轮到他击球时才能提出弃权决定。弃权可以是针对一局比赛也可以是针对一场比赛。对手有权接受或拒绝。如果对手表示继续比赛，该决定无效。Player may only concede during his inning. A concession can be made for the rack or for the match. The opponent has the right to accept or refuse the concession, which becomes null and void if the opponent chooses to play on.
12.违背体育精神的行为 Unsportsmanlike Conduct
通常来说对违背体育精神行为的罚则裁判可通过他对选手犯规行为的判断而进行调整。这些罚则可以是一次警告，一次标准犯规的罚则，输掉该局、轮或比赛，取消比赛资格或可能取消名次，奖章，奖金和排名积分等。总之，对于违背体育精神的行为，裁判应当作出合乎比赛精神的判罚。The normal penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct is the same as for a serious foul, but the referee may impose a penalty depending on his judgment of the conduct. Among other penalties possible are a warning; a standard-foul penalty, which will count as part of a three-foul sequence if applicable; a serious-foul penalty; loss of a rack, set or match; ejection from the competition possibly with forfeiture of all prizes, trophies and standings points.
违背体育精神的行为是指任何蓄意玷污体育精神，破坏或改变公平竞赛原则的行为。Unsportsmanlike conduct is any intentional behavior that brings disrepute to the sport or which disrupts or changes the game to the extent that it cannot be played fairly.
这包括 It includes,
(a)干扰对手；distracting the opponent;
(b)未以击球方式而随便移动球的位置；changing the position of the balls in play other than a shot;
(c)故意打出滑杆；playing a shot by intentionally miscuing;
(d)在裁判宣判一次犯规或宣判比赛延时后继续击球；continuing to play after a foul has been called or play has been suspended;
(e)在比赛期间练球；practicing during a match;
(f)在球台上做记号；marking the table;
(g)故意推迟比赛；delay of the game;
(h)不恰当地使用器材。using equipment inappropriately.
Section 3. 中式台球 The Game of Chinese Billiards
1.比赛方式 Mode of Play
中式台球比赛使用1至15号目标球及主球。一方选手如选择打1至7号(全色球)目标球，另一方选手则必须打9至15号(花色球)目标球。选手先将自己花色的目标球全部击入球袋后，再将8号球击入球袋，即赢得该局。
Chinese billiards is played with fifteen numbered object balls and the cue ball. If one player choose the "solid" group (number one through seven), then the opponent is assigned the "stripe" group (number nine through fifteen), and vice versa. The shooter's group of seven balls must all be off the table before he attempts to pocket the called eight ball to win the rack.
2.器材 Equipment
(a)球台：内沿尺寸2540×1270mm(允许误差+/-9mm)，从地面到库边顶部高度为800mm—850mm。Table: The playing area within the cushion faces shall measure 2540 x 1270mm with a tolerance on both dimensions of +/-9mm. The height of table from the floor to the top of the cushion rail shall be from 800mm to 850mm.
(b)球杆：不短于101.6mm，制作材料及形状须符合中国台球协会的标准。Cue: A cue shall be not less than 101.6mm in length with shape and form must be of a design approved by CBSA.
(c)球：直径57.15mm(允许误差+/-0.05mm)，重量156g-170g。
Ball: The ball shall each have a diameter of 57.15mm with a tolerance of +/-0.05mm. They shall be of equal weight from 156g to 170g.
(d)置球点：球台纵向中线上距顶库635mm的点。The Spot: 635mm from a point perpendicularly below the face of the top cushion.
(e)开球线：平行于球台底库，距底库635mm , 并与左右两边库相交的直线。String: A straight line drawn 635mm from the face of bottom cushion and parallel to it, both sides meet the 2 side cushions.
(f)开球区：开球线与底库之间的区域。Area behind the string: The area between the top cushion and the string.
3.摆放球 Ball Racking
目标球摆成三角形，顶角的球置于“置球点”上，8号球位于三角形的中心，三角形的底边两端分别放置一颗全色球和一颗花色球，其它目标球随意摆放，但必须彼此紧贴。
双方选手均可检查球摆放是否符合规则，并可要求修正。
The fifteen object balls are racked as tightly as possible in a triangle, with the apex ball on the spot and the eight ball as the first ball that is directly below the apex ball. One from each group of seven will be on the two lower corners of the triangle. The other balls are placed in the triangle without purposeful or intentional pattern.
Both players/parties are entitled to check if the racking is conforming the rule and ask the referee to rectify.
4.开球Break Shot
4.1开球选择权 Determining First Break (参见第2章第2条 See Section 2 Rule 2)
4.2合法开球 Legal Break
开球时，开球方将主球置于开球线后出杆击球后必须至少， The cue ball begins in hand behind the string and,
(a)有目标球进袋 或者；At least one object ball is pocketed or;
(b)最少有四颗目标球碰触库边。At least four object balls must be driven to one or more rails.
违反者即为开球犯规，其对手可作下列的选择： Otherwise, the shot results in an illegal break, and the incoming player has the option of
(a)获得线后自由击球权或 shooting with the cue ball in hand behind the string. or
(b)重新摆球由自己开球或要求原开球的选手重新开球或 re-racking, then breaking OR allowing the offending player to break again. or
(c)接受台面现有情况，继续击球(主球出台或入袋除外)。 accepting the table in position and continue. (Except when cue ball scratch or be driven off the table)
4.3开球时出现任何其他犯规行为，对手不可以选择重新开球。The incoming player is not entitled to have the option of re-racking when any other foul (not mentioned above) occurs during the break shot.
4.4开球时8号球入袋 If the eight ball is pocketed,
原开开球方可以将8号球重置于置球点，并接受台面现有情况继续击球。it shall be re-spotted; the breaker have to accepts the balls in position and continue.
4.5开球时8号球入袋并伴有犯规，对手可以选择：If the eight ball is pocketed with any other foul occurs, the opponent has the option of:
(a)将8号球取出重置于置球点上，并获得线后自由击球权或re-spotting the eight ball and shooting with cure ball in hand behind the string; or
(b)接受台面所有球的位置，继续击球(主球出台或入袋除外)。re-spotting the eight ball and accepting the table in position. (Except when cue ball scratches or be driven off the table)
5.开放球局(选择球组)Open Table/Choosing Groups
开放球局是指该局比赛中两组球的归属权尚未决定。The table is said to be "open" before the groups are determined.
5.1在开球后球局立刻开放，此时选手可先击打全色球以撞进花色球，反之亦可，但该进球不能使球局关闭，换由对手出杆，球局仍为开放。The table is open after rack begins. When the table is "open", if player first hit the solid ball but ONLY strip ball pocketed, or vice versa, play passes to the other player, and the table remains "open".
5.2当球局开放时，选手可合法首先击中除8号球以外的任何目标球，但主球若先击中8号球则为犯规。When the table is "open", any object ball may be struck first except the eight ball.
5.3在球局开放时任何不合法入袋的目标球均不必取出。When the table is "open", any object ball not legally pocketed remains off the table.
5.4球组的归属权并非决定于开球时，开球时无论进球与否，球局均为开放，球组归属权取决于开球后选手合法地击进指定球。The table remains open after the open break, no matter how many object balls are pocketed by the breaker. The groups only be decided when player legally pocketed the object ball after the break shot.
6.指球定袋 Shots Required to Be Called
6.1除8号球必须指球定袋外，所有的击打都无须指球定袋。ONLY the shooting of the eight ball is required to be called.
6.28号球必须在选手击打完自己球组的所有目标球以后才能指球定袋。The eight ball may be called only after the shot on which the shooter’s group has been cleared from the table.
7.击球Shot
7.1选手击球后，主球最先碰触的球必须是其选定的那组目标球，如其球组的目标球已全部进袋，则应首先击中8号球。After the shot, the first object ball struck must be the ball belongs to his/her group when table is not open, or be the eight ball when his/her group balls are all cleared from the table.
7.2选手击球后，若没有目标球入袋，须至少有1颗球碰触库边(含主球)。If no ball is pocketed on a shot, the cue ball must contact an object ball, and after that contact at least one ball (cue ball or any object ball) must be driven to a rail.
7.3选手击球后，未入袋的目标球和主球必须停留在台面上。如有任何目标球跳离台面均被视为合理消失，不再重置于台面。A ball is considered driven off the table if it comes to rest other than on the playing surface but is not pocketed. Any object ball be driven off won’t be put back to the table in this rack. It is a foul to drive any ball off the table.
7.4击球过程中(包括出杆前后)，击球者除杆头以外的身体任何部分(包括服饰)、器材(包括杆身、架杆、巧克等)均不得碰触台面上的任何球。It is a foul to touch, move or change the path of any object ball except by the normal ball-to-ball contacts during shots. It is a foul to touch, move or change the path of the cue ball except when it is in hand or by the normal tip-to-ball forward stroke contact of a shot. The shooter is responsible for the equipment he controls at the table, such as chalk, bridges, clothing, his hair, parts of his body, and the cue ball when it is in hand, that may be involved in such fouls.
7.5在一次击打过程中，杆头不能碰触主球两次以上(含两次)。If the cue-tip contacts the cue ball more than once on a shot, the shot is a foul.
违反以上规则的处罚：对方获自由击球权。If any rule above is infringed, the opponent player will be awarded playing from the cue ball in hand.
所有犯规行为必须在下一出杆前做出判决，否则视为未发生任何犯规行为。If a foul is not called before the next shot begins, the foul is assumed not to have happened.
8.贴球 Touching Ball/Frozen Ball
8.1主球与台面上要击打的目标球相贴时，选手击打主球后，必须使该目标球移动，且出杆方向没有限制，但击打动作必须明显。If the cue ball is touching an object ball at the start of shot, it is legal to shoot towards or partly into the ball. The touched object ball must move after the shot and the action of shot should be obvious. If this rule is infringed, the opponent player will be awarded playing from the cue ball in hand.
8.2目标球与库边相贴时，主球击打该目标球后，该目标球必须离开库边后再次碰触库边或有其他球(包括主球)碰库边或有目标球入袋。A ball touching the rail at the start of a shot (said to be “frozen” to the rail) is NOT considered driven to that rail unless it leaves the rail and return. For a legal shot in such condition, please refer to Section 3 Rule 7.2
违反以上规则的处罚：对方获自由击球权。If any rule above is infringed, the opponent player will be awarded playing from the cue ball in hand.
9.跳球 Jump Shot
9.1选手可击打主球跳跃过其它目标球，且合法击中自己球组的目标球。A jump shot is one in which the cue ball is made to go over an intervening obstacle such as an object ball or part of the cushion to hit the legal object ball.
9.2跳球时，击球者只能用杆头击打主球球面1/2以上的区域。Only the top half of the cue ball can be hit by cue tip when playing a legal jump shot.
违反以上规则的处罚：对方获自由击球权。If the jump shot is illegal, the opponent player will be awarded playing from the cue ball in hand.
10.犯规 Fouls
如果一名选手出现一次犯规，他的对手获得自由击球权。If the shooter commits a foul, play passes to his opponent. The cue ball is in hand, and the incoming player may place it anywhere on the playing surface.
以下为比赛中的一般犯规：The following are standard fouls at Chinese billiards:
(a)主球入袋或离开球台；Cue ball scratch or off the table;
(b)主球先接触非法目标球；Wrong ball first;
(c)台面上有球尚未完全静止时击球；Play when there is any ball on the table still moving or spinning;
(d)选手击球瞬间双脚同时离地；No foot on the floor;
(e)目标球离开台面；Ball driven off the table;
(f)非法碰触球；Touched ball;
(g)连击; Double hit;
(h)推杆；Push shot;
(i)开球线后的非法击打；Bad play from behind the string;
11.击打8号球 Shooting the Eight Ball
当选手击打8号球时，只要8号球未进袋也没有跳离台面，即使犯规或主球入袋都不算输掉该局，此时对手获得自由击球权。If any foul occurs or cue ball scratches when shooting at the eight ball, the shooter doesn’t considered losing the rack as long as the eight ball is NOT pocketed or NOT driven off the table.
12.球组混淆 Wrong Group
当球组已确定，如果一名选手错误地击打对方球组中的球，该犯规必须在他进行下一次击打前被宣判。当任一选手或裁判意识到球组已被双方错误地交换击打时，该局即刻停止并由原开球选手重新开球。If the groups have been determined and the player mistakenly shoots at a ball of the opponent’s group, the foul must be called before he takes his next shot. Upon recognition by either player or the referee that the groups have been reversed, the rack will be halted and will be replayed with the original player executing the break shot.
13.输局 Losing the Rack
选手如果违反以下规定则输掉该局：The shooter loses if:
(a)击进8号球同时犯规(开球时除外)；fouls when pocketing the eight ball (except for the break shot);
(b)选手将本组最后一颗目标球击打入袋的同时击进8号球；The last ball of his group and the eight ball are pocketed in the same shot.
(c)将8号球击离台面； drives the eight ball off the table;
(d)8号球进入非指定球袋；pockets the eight ball in an uncalled pocket;
(e)选手还未将本方目标球全部击进球袋前就将8号球击进袋。pockets the eight ball before his/her group is cleared.
14.僵局 Stalemate
如果裁判判断发生僵局或可能发生僵局时，他应提议选手重新开球。但如果有选手拒绝，裁判将允许比赛继续一段时间，一般而言，裁判会让双方再各出三杆或依其判断而另作决定。此后如僵持局面仍未被打开，裁判将宣布僵局并摆球重新开始此局比赛，同时：If the referee thinks a position of stalemate exists, or is being approached, he shall offer the players the immediate option of re-starting the rack. If any player objects, the referee shall allow play to continue with the proviso that the situation must change within a stated period, usually after three more strokes to each side but at the referee’s discretion. If the situation remains basically unchanged after the stated period has expired, the referee shall re-rack all balls as for the start of a rack. And:
(a)由原开球选手重新开球；The original breaker of the rack will break again;
(b)原击球顺序不改变。The same established order of play been maintained.
